Versatilidad del colgajo VRAM / Versatility of the VRAM flap

Los defectos extensos de la pared abdominal y de la zona perineal derivados de las resecciones tumorales o posteriores a procesos infecciosos pueden ser resueltos de una manera rápida y sin la ayuda de técnicas microquirúrgicas mediante el colgajo VRAM, una herramienta reconstructiva importante que ha entrado en desuso, pero que sin lugar a dudas es una estrategia que proporciona seguridad para el cirujano plástico en los casos indicados. En nuestro trabajo se describe una serie de casos en los que se utilizó al colgajo VRAM para la reconstrucción de defectos en pared abdominal y la zona perineal; defectos amplios que fueron satisfactoriamente resueltos, en donde se denotan las ventajas que ofrece este colgajo para la resolución de problemas reconstructivos de las áreas anatómicas en cuestión.

Extensive defects of the abdominal wall and perineal area derived from tumor resections or after infectious processes can be resolved quickly and without the help of microsurgical techniques using the VRAM flap, an important reconstructive tool that an important reconstructive tool that that has gone into disuse, but without a doubt it is a strategy that provides security for the plastic surgeon in the indicated cases. In our work, a series of cases are described in which the VRAM flap was used for the reconstruction of defects in the abdominal wall and the perineal area; large defects that were satisfactorily resolved, where the advantages offered by this flap for the resolution of reconstructive problems of the anatomical areas in question are denoted.

Short and Medium-term Outcomes of Omphalocele and Gastroschisis: A Survey from a Tertiary Center / Resultados a curto e médio prazo do onfalocelo e gastrosquisis: uma investigação de um centro terciário

Abstract Objective To characterize and compare the outcomes of omphalocele and gastroschisis from birth to 2 years of follow-up in a recent cohort at a tertiary center. Methods This is a retrospective clinical record review of all patients with gastroschisis and omphalocele admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2009 and December 2019. Results There were 38 patients, 13 of whom had omphalocele, and 25 of whom had gastroschisis. Associated anomalies were present in 6 patients (46.2%) with omphalocele and in 10 (41.7%) patients with gastroschisis. Compared with patients with omphalocele, those with gastroschisis had younger mothers (24.7 versus 29.6 years; p=0.033), were born earlier (36 versus 37 weeks, p=0.006), had lower birth weight (2365±430.4 versus 2944.2±571.9 g; p=0.001), and had a longer hospital stay (24 versus 9 days, p=0.001). The neonatal survival rate was 92.3% for omphalocele and 91.7% for gastroschisis. Thirty-four patients were followed-up over a median of 24 months; 13 patients with gastroschisis (59.1%) and 8 patients with omphalocele (66.7%) had at least one adverse event, mainly umbilical hernia (27.3% vs 41.7%), intestinal obstruction (31.8% vs 8.3%), or additional surgical interventions (27.3% vs 33.3%). Conclusion Despite the high proportion of prematurity, low birth weight, and protracted recovery, gastroschisis and omphalocele (without chromosomal abnormalities) may achieve very high survival rates; on the other hand, complications may develop in the first years of life. Thus, a very positive perspective in terms of survival should be transmitted to future parents, but they should also be informed that substantial morbidity may occur in the medium term.

Resumo Objetivo Caracterizar e comparar os desfechos do onfalocelo e gastrosquisis desde o nascimento até aos 2 anos de seguimento numa coorte recente de um centro terciário. Métodos Este é um estudo retrospectivo em que foi feita uma revisão dos registos clínicos de todos os pacientes com gastrosquisis e onfalocelo que foram internados na unidade de cuidados intensivos neonatais, entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2019. Resultados Identificamos 38 pacientes, 13 dos quais tinham onfalocelo e 25 dos quais tinham gastrosquisis. Anomalias associadas estavam presentes em 6 pacientes (46.2%) com onfalocelo e 10 (41.7%) com gastrosquisis. Comparativamente com os pacientes com onfalocelo, os pacientes com gastrosquisis tinham mães mais jovens (24.7 versus 29.6 anos; p=0.033), nasceram mais precocemente (36 versus 37 semanas, p=0.006), com menor peso ao nascimento (2,365±430.4 versus 2,944.2±571.9 g; p=0.001), e o internamento teve uma duração mais longa (24 versus 9 dias, p=0.001). A taxa de sobrevivência neonatal foi de 92.3% para o onfalocelo e 91.7% para a gastrosquisis. Trinta e quatro pacientes foram seguidos durante umtempo mediano de seguimento de 24meses: 13 com gastrosquisis (59.1%) e 8 com onfalocelo (66.7%) apresentaram pelo menos um evento adverso, sobretudo hérnia umbilical (27.3% vs 41.7%), obstrução intestinal (31.8% vs 8.3%) ou intervenções cirúrgicas adicionais (27.3% vs 33.3%). Conclusão Apesar da alta proporção de prematuridade, de baixo peso e de recuperação lenta, os gastrosquisis, assim como os onfalocelos (sem anomalias cromossómicas), podem ter uma taxa de sobrevivência muito alta; por outro lado, nos primeiros anos de vida, podem surgir complicações não desprezíveis. Assim, aos futuros pais pode ser transmitida uma perspectiva muito positiva em termos de sobrevivência, embora eles também devam ser informados de que pode ocorrermorbidade substancial no médio prazo.

Gastrosquisis / Gastroschisis

Introducción: La gastrosquisis es un defecto de la pared abdominal anterior, paraumbilical, habitualmente a la derecha con la protrusión de vísceras intraabdominales, las que flotan libremente en el líquido amniótico durante la vida intrauterina, solo recubiertas por su peritoneo visceral. Objetivo: Analizar la entidad a propósito de un caso portador de gastrosquisis compleja. . Caso clínico: Se describe una neonato de 4 días remitido al servicio de urgencias del Hospital Provincial de Cabinda, República de Angola, por presentar deshidratación severa y "evisceración". La paciente fallece 36 horas posteriores al ingreso. Conclusiones: Los neonatos con esta enfermedad se presentan como una emergencia quirúrgica que plantean un reto difícil para el cirujano tratante. Tiene una alta mortalidad aun con el tratamiento apropiado. Técnicas novedosas de tratamiento se acercan a las tasas de sobrevida esperadas para esta entidad(AU)

Introduction: Gastroschisis is a defect of the paraumbilical anterior abdominal wall, usually on the right with protrusion of intraabdominal viscera, which float freely in the amniotic fluid during intrauterine life, only covered by its visceral peritoneum. Objective: To analyze the entity apropos a case of complex gastroschisis. Clinical case: The case is described od a four-day-old neonate referred to the emergency service at Provincial Hospital of Cabinda, Republic of Angola, for presenting severe dehydration and "evisceration." The patient died 36 hours after admission. Conclusions: Neonates with this disease are presented as a surgical emergency that poses a difficult challenge for the treating surgeon. It has a high mortality even with the appropriate treatment. Novel treatment techniques are close to the expected survival rates for this entity(AU)

Proceso de atención de Enfermería en un paciente con gastroquisis. A propósito de un caso / Nursing care process in a patient with gastrochisis. Aproposs of a case

RESUMEN La gastroquisis, es un defecto congénito de cierre de la pared abdominal, en general justa a la derecha de la insertación normal del cordón umbilical en la pared del abdomen. Rara vez ocupa una posición especular a la izquierda del cordón umbilical; una cantidad variable de intestinos, y en ocasiones otros órganos abdominales se hernian, fuera de la pared abdominal, sin saco ni cobertura membranosa a diferencia del onfalocele. El Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, es el método científico de actuación de los profesionales de la Enfermería, vinculados a una base teórica que desarrollan habilidades analíticas que aplicadas en la práctica, repercuten en la mejoría de los pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un caso poco frecuente de gastroquisis, y vincularlo al proceso de atención de Enfermería. Se trató de una recién nacida, sexo femenino, raza mestiza. Ingresó en la Sala de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Eliseo Noel Caamaño de Matanzas con 5 horas de nacida. La vinculación de este caso con el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería permitió una atención integral al individuo enfermo, y desarrolló las habilidades prácticas de la asistencia de enfermería (AU).

ABSTRACT Gastrochisis is a congenital defect of the abdominal wall closure, generally just on the right of the umbilical cord normal insertion in the abdominal wall. It rarely occupies a specular position to the right of the umbilical cord; a variable amount of intestines, and sometimes other abdominal organs, are herniated outside the abdominal wall, without a sac or a membranous covering unlike the omphalocele. The nursing care process is a scientific method of nursing professionals behavior, on a theoretical basis, developing analytical skills that, applied in the practice, have repercussion on the patients´ improvement. Describing an infrequent case of gastrochisis, and linking it to the Nursing care process is the aim of this article. The patient was a mestizo female newborn who entered the Intensive Care Ward of the Pediatric Provincial Hospital "Eliseo Noel Caamaño" of Matanzas five hours after birth. Linking this case to the Nursing care process allowed the integral care of the sick person, and developed the nursing care practical skills (AU).

Abdominal Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome, Case Report and Diagnostic Evaluation

Abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment is a rarely diagnosed condition that leads to intense neuropathic pain in the anterolateral wall of the abdomen. Generally, it is triggered by some factor implied in the increase of the pressure on the nerve in its passage by the abdominal wall. Its most important differential diagnosis is pain of visceral origin. We present a case in which the clinical findings confirmed on ultrasound and other imaging tests established the diagnosis and in which the noninvasive treatment was effective.

Tratamento da parede abdominal com plicatura em Crossbow / Abdominal wall treatment with plication using the crossbow technique

Introdução: A necessidade de oferecer resultados com maior definição nas abdominoplastias nos compele a evoluir tecnicamente. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a técnica de plicatura em Crossbow com suas três variantes, reforçando o conceito de aproximação vertical e horizontal da aponeurose dos músculos retos e oblíquos abdominais ao mesmo tempo, promovendo dois vetores diferentes de tração, culminando em uma maior definição da parede abdominal, principalmente na região do hipogastro e fossas ilíacas. Métodos: No período entre janeiro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2018, foram realizadas 22 cirurgias exclusivamente com a técnica Crossbow em seus tipos l, ll e lll, tanto em pacientes estéticos como pós-bariátricos. Resultados: Os resultados foram favoráveis tanto do ponto de vista estético, com maior definição do hipogastro, como do ponto de vista clínico, uma vez que nenhum paciente apresentou sinais ou sintomas diferentes de técnicas convencionais. Conclusão: A técnica Crossbow é simples e reprodutível, sendo mais um agregante na armamentária para melhorar a estética abdominal. Apesar de promover o reforço da região hipogástrica, tanto para tratamento primário como secundário desta região, só o aumento da casuística poderá demonstrar as possíveis vantagens do método.

Introduction: Owing to the need to deliver results with greater definition in abdominoplasties, techniques must evolve. The objective of this study was to introduce the crossbow technique for plication along with its three variants that reinforces the concept of vertical and horizontal alignments of the aponeurosis of the rectus and oblique abdominis muscles at the same time, promotes 2 different traction vectors, and culminates in a greater definition of the abdominal wall, mainly in the hypogastrium and iliac fossa regions. Methods: From January 2016 to February 2018, 22 surgeries were performed exclusively with the types l, ll, or lll crossbow technique, both in esthetic surgery cases and post-bariatric patients. Results: The results were favorable both from the esthetic point of view, with greater definition of the hypogastrium, and from a clinical point of view, as none of the patients showed signs or symptoms different from those of the conventional techniques. Conclusion: The crossbow technique is a simple and reproducible tool in the medical armamentarium to improve abdominal esthetics. Although it promotes the strengthening of the hypogastric region, both for primary and secondary treatments of this region, only a sample size increase can demonstrate the possible advantages of the method.

Diagnóstico de factores de riesgo asociados a defectos de pared abdominal a mujeres con descendencia afectada. Provincia Matanzas, enero 2013-enero 2016 / Diagnosis of risk factors associated to abdominal wall defects in women with affected descendants. Province of Matanzas, January 2013-January 2016

Introducción: los defectos de pared abdominal constituyen un espectro de malformaciones anatómicas estructurales de etiología diversa, con severidad y pronóstico variable. Los factores de riesgo son disímiles, muchos modificables. Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a defectos de pared abdominal diagnosticados prenatalmente en la provincia de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación de corte transversal sobre los factores de riesgo en las mujeres con diagnóstico de defectos de pared abdominal en la provincia Matanzas, de enero 2013 a enero 2016, a través de una encuesta, previa prueba piloto para cálculo de confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach) y validez (regresión lineal). Resultados: el valor de ambos coeficientes fue superior a 0.7, por lo que la encuesta fue confiable y válida. Los factores de riesgo para estos defectos más frecuentes fueron la combinación de factores ambientales, no suplementación periconcepcional de ácido fólico y exposición a sustancias químicas. La necesidad de recibir información preconcepcional de las mujeres fue alta. Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron la combinación de factores ambientales y la no suplementación periconcepcional de ácido fólico (AU).

Introduction: the defects of the abdominal wall are a spectrum of structural anatomic malformations of diverse etiology, with variable severity and prognosis. The risk factors are dissimilar, many of them modifiable. Objective: to identify the risk factors associated to abdominal wall defects diagnosed before birth in the province of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional research was carried out on the risk factors in women with diagnose of defects of the abdominal wall in the province of Matanzas, from January 2013 to January 2016, through an inquiry, after a pilot test to calculate reliability (Crombach alpha), and validity (lineal regression). Results: the value of both coefficients was higher than 0.7, so the inquiry was reliable and valid. The risk factors for these more frequent defects were the combination of environmental factors, the lack of peri conceptional supplementation of folic acid and exposition to chemical substances. The necessity of receiving pre-conceptional information from the part of the women was high. Conclusions: the more frequent risk factors were the combination of environmental factors and the lack of peri conceptional supplementation of folic acid (AU).

Reconstrução de parede abdominal: série de casos / Reconstruction of the abdominal wall: a case series

Introdução: Os pacientes com defeitos de parede abdominal chegam ao consultório do cirurgião plástico em situações muitas vezes complexas, necessitando de abordagem cirúrgica avançada. Métodos: Estudo primário, retrospectivo e descritivo de pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de reconstrução de parede abdominal pelo Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (HC-UFPE). Resultados: Foram revisados e incluídos os prontuários de 18 pacientes, 15 (83,3%) do sexo feminino e 3 (16,7%) do masculino, com idade variando de 16 a 79 anos (média de 41 anos). Dezessete pacientes possuíam histórico de cirurgia prévia (94,4%), sendo a cesárea presente em 8 dos casos (44,4%), seguida de cirurgia oncológica com 6 (33,3%), cirurgia do trauma com 2 (11,1%) e bariátrica com 2 (11,1%). Em relação à etiologia do defeito, 8 (44,4%) eram decorrentes de fasciite necrosante, 4 (22,2%) de hérnia incisional, 2 (11,1%) por trauma, 2 (11,1%) por infecção de ferida operatória e 2 (11,1%) por neoplasia de parede abdominal, sendo somente um (5,5%) paciente com defeito de espessura total. A técnica cirúrgica de separação dos componentes foi realizada em 7 dos casos (38,9%), seguida de retalho de avanço simples em 6 (33,3%), fechamento com tela associado à abdominoplastia em 3 (16,7%), e expansor tecidual em 2 (11,1%). Quanto às complicações, houve 4 casos (22,2%). Conclusões: Defeitos de parede abdominal são casos desafiadores para o cirurgião plástico, seu tratamento se mostra árduo, porém com resultados satisfatórios mesmo nos casos mais severos.

Introduction: Patients with abdominal wall defects present challenging complications that require the use of advanced surgical approaches. Methods: This primary, retrospective, and descriptive study evaluated patients who underwent abdominal wall reconstruction at the Plastic Surgery Service of the Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco. Results: The medical records of 18 patients were reviewed, including 15 women (83.3%) and 3 men (16.7%), with a mean age of 41 years (range, 16-79 years). Seventeen patients (94.4%) had a history of previous surgery. The causes of abdominal injury were cesarean section in eight cases (44.4%), oncologic surgery in six (33.3%), trauma surgery in two (11.1%), and bariatric surgery in two (11.1%). The etiology of the defect was necrotizing fasciitis in eight cases (44.4%), incisional hernia in four (22.2%), trauma in two (11.1%), surgical wound dehiscence in two (11.1%), abdominal wall neoplasia in two (11.1%), and total thickness defect in one (5.5%). The surgical interventions included the component separation technique in seven cases (38.9%), simple VY advancement flap in six (33.3%), closure with abdominoplasty in three (16.7%), and tissue expander in two (11.1%). Four patients (22.2%) presented complications. Conclusions: Abdominal wall defects are challenging cases for plastic surgeons, as their treatment is difficult, but the results are satisfactory even in the most severe cases.

Ascitis fetal como manifestación de peritonitis meconial; presentación de un caso y revisión de literature / Fetal ascites as a manifestation of meconium peritonitis; presentation of a case and literature review

RESUMEN Introducción: La peritonitis meconial (PM) corresponde a una inflamación del peritoneo por una reacción química estéril producida por la presencia de meconio, secundaria a una perforación intestinal in útero. Se expone un caso real de PM cuya relevancia está dada por la baja incidencia de esta enfermedad, siendo de aproximadamente 1 caso por cada 30.000 nacidos vivos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer la presentación clásica de la PM mediante una revisión actualizada de la literatura. Caso clínico: Paciente de 21 años, primigesta, cursando embarazo de 33 + 5 semanas, con antecedentes de hipotiroidismo gestacional, es derivada al servicio de urgencia maternal por hallazgo en ecografía realizada ese mismo día: Ascitis fetal, intestino hiperecogénico, sin alteraciones en eco-Doppler fetal, hospitalizándose a paciente para estudio. Los exámenes de laboratorio, incluidos VIH y VDRL, resultaron negativos y no esclarecían una etiología. Dado hallazgos ecográficos posteriores se logra orientar el diagnóstico hacia una PM, la cual se objetivó una vez interrumpido el embarazo a la semana 38+5. Discusión: La PM representa un desafío para el médico tanto en su diagnóstico como tratamiento, lo cual está dado en parte por su baja incidencia. El caso expone la presentación más clásica de la PM, en la cual se logró establecer la importancia del diagnóstico prenatal y como este influye en el pronóstico y manejo posterior. Existe acuerdo en adoptar una conducta expectante frente a la PM e incluso esperar el inicio del parto espontaneo, si no existen otras contraindicaciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Meconial peritonitis (MP) corresponds to an inflammation of the peritoneum due to a sterile chemical reaction produced by the presence of meconium, secondary to a intestinal perforation in utero. We present a real case of MP whose relevance is given by the low incidence of this disease, being approximately 1 case per 30,000 live births. The present work has as objective to present the classic presentation of the MP through an updated literature review. Clinical case: A 21-year-old woman, primigravous, with a pregnancy of 33 + 5 weeks, and a history of gestational hypothyroidism, is referred to the maternal emergency service due to the following finding on ultrasound performed that same day: Fetal ascites, hyperechogenic bowel, without alterations in fetal echo-Doppler. Patient is hospitalized for study. Laboratory tests, including HIV and VDRL, were negative and did not clarify an etiology. Given later sonographic findings, the diagnosis is oriented towards MP, which was observed once the pregnancy was interrupted at week 38 + 5. Discussion: MP represents a challenge for the physician both in diagnosis and treatment, which is partly due to its low incidence. The case presents the most classic presentation of the MP, in which it was possible to establish the importance of prenatal diagnosis and how it influences the prognosis and subsequent management. There is agreement to adopt an expectant behavior towards MP and even wait for the start of spontaneous birth, if there are no other contraindications.

Gastrosquisis: presentación de caso del Hospital Escuela Universitario / Gastroschisis: Case Report from Hospital Escuela Universitario

Introducción: Gastrosquisis es una malformación congénita caracterizada por una herniación visceral a través de un defecto de la pared abdominal. Comúnmente se localiza a la derecha del cordón umbilical con protrusión visceral principalmente de íleon distal, estómago e hígado; y no se encuentra cubierto por una membrana protectora. La prevalencia de gastrosquisis es de 0.5-7 por cada 10,000 recién nacidos vivos, con un promedio de 1/2700 nacimientos a nivel mundial. La mayor prevalencia de casos con gastrosquisis ocurre en madres jóvenes <20 años y un mal estado nutricional. Descripción del caso: Madre de 18 años, primigesta, con antecedentes gineco-obstétricos de pobre cuidado prenatal. Se realizó dos ultrasonidos en hospital público durante el embarazo, los cuales no reportaron alteraciones. A las 38 semanas un día nace por cesárea, producto con diagnóstico de gastrosquisis. Tres horas después, se recibe en Hospital Escuela Universitario donde se le colocó un Silo plástico e ingresó a la unidad de cuidados inter-medios. A los 23 días de vida se hizo el cierre de la pared abdominal. Actualmente, se encuentra estable, con motilidad gastrointestinal reducida, drenaje de 50-60 mL diarios por sonda orogástrica, en ayuno y nutrición parenteral. Discusión: El reconocimiento temprano de esta patología es esencial para prevenir complicaciones mortales. Permite considerar diferentes abordajes terapéutico-quirúrgicos para alcanzar un mayor porcentaje de sobrevida, especialmente en zonas donde la incidencia es alta como en nuestro medio con una media de 17 casos anuales y una sobrevida de apenas 47%

Defectos de la pared abdominal; gastrosquisis / Abdominal wall defects; Gastrosquisis

Introducción. Los defectos de pared muestran un aumento epidemia como de la prevalencia de 4.5 por cada 10.000 nacimientos presentando anomalías asociadas, fundamentalmente gastrointestinales, como defectos de rotación y atresia (10-20%), seguido de las cardíacas 4% vs 0,7% en población normal) y genitourinarias. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de artículos origina-les, de revisión, y revisiones sistemáticas en las bases de datos; PUBMED, SCIELO, e HINARI comprendida entre los años 2011 a 2016. Desarrollo: Las causas son multifactoriales, entre las más comunes primigestas, embarazos no planiicados de madres jóve-nes, cambio de pareja reciente, déicits nutricionales importantes, consumo de AINEs, alcohol, tabaco u otras drogas. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante ultrasonografía y el tratamiento es quirúrgico. Conclusión: Se recomienda el nacimiento en un centro con cirugía pediátrica y neonatología experta para mejorar los resultados perinatales. El desarrollo de técnicas quirúrgicas, la nutrición parenteral, los cuidados respiratorios y la práctica anestésica han reducido las tasas de mortalidad hasta menos del 5%, so bre todo a expensas de la disminución de infecciones nosoco miales, que constituyen la causa de muerte más frecuente.

Perfil dos recém-nascidos com malformações congênitas da parede abdominal submetidos à terapia intravenosa: contribuições para o cuidado de enfermagem

Considerações iniciais: As malformações congênitas vêm apresentando relevância crescente como causa de sofrimento e prejuízos à saúde da população. A incorporação de tecnologia nas áreas de terapia intensiva neonatal e pediátrica está possibilitando maior chance de sobrevivência dos recém-nascidos de alto risco. Em vista aos quadros clínicos de grande complexidade que representam risco de vida, os bebês são submetidos a procedimentos invasivos que demandam por parte da equipe conhecimento e aprimoramento constante, e que dentre as tecnologias utilizadas a Terapia Intravenosa (TIV) merece destaque. Objetivo geral: Descrever o perfil dos recém-nascidos portadores de gastrosquise e onfalocele em uso de terapia intravenosa e internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal Cirúrgica (UTINC). Objetivos específicos: identificar os tipos de dispositivos intravenosos utilizados por recém-nascidos com gastrosquise e onfalocele; identificar os tipos de fármacos e soluções infundidos pela via intravenosa em recém-nascidos com gastrosquise e onfalocele; Identificar as complicações relacionadas à terapia intravenosa em recém-nascidos com gastrosquise e onfalocele; analisar as demandas de cuidados de enfermagem relacionadas à terapia intravenosa de recém-nascidos com gastrosquise e onfalocele. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de delineamento transversal e retrospectivo...

Initial considerations: Congenital malformations present a growing importance as a reason ofsuffering and damages to population health. Incorporating technology to neonatal and pediatricintensive care makes possible a higher survival chance to high-risk newborn. In face of clinical picturesof high complexity representing life threatening, babies receive invasive procedures, which demandfrom the team constant knowledge and improvement and, among all the technologies used, deservehighlighting. Overall goal: To describe the profile of newborns suffering gastroschisis and omphalocelereceiving intravenous therapy and admitted into neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Specific goals: toidentify what are the intravenous advices used to newborns suffering gastroschisis and omphalocele; toidentify what are the drugs and solutions intravenous infused on newborns suffering gastroschisis andomphalocele; to identify the complications related to intravenous therapy on newborns sufferinggastroschisis and omphalocele; to analyze the nursing care demands related to intravenous therapy onnewborns suffering gastroschisis and omphalocele. Methodology: Cross-sectional retrospective anddescriptive study...

Uso de Sistema de terapia al vacío en cierre de gastrosquisis complicada: reporte de caso / Vacuum-assisted device in gastroschisis

La gastrosquisis constituye una patología grave neonatal que plantea un reto para el cirujano y es una emergencia quirúrgica. En la mayoría de casos, el cierre de la fascia en los casos de gastrosquisis puede realizarse primariamente o después de colocar una bolsa de Silo. Presentamos el caso de unpaciente masculino de 34 semanas por Ballard con gastrosquisis; a quien se le coloco bolsa estéril (Silo) al nacer y presentó dehiscencia parcial de lamisma y evisceración, en seis ocasiones durante un período de tres semanas. Por lo que se colocó sistema de terapia al vació sobre bolsa de plástico estéril fenestrada, realizando tres cambios y logrando el cierre completo del defecto a los 17 días. El sistema de terapia al vacío puede utilizarse comouna alternativa cuando la bolsa de Silo no puede cerrar el defecto abdominal en pacientes con gastrosquisis.

Gastroschisis is a serious neonatal pathology and a surgical emergency. A general procedure for closure of the abdominal wall defect is by primary closureor by placing a protectve ¨silo¨. We report the case of male neonate born at 34 gestatonal weeks with gastroschisis. A Silo bag was placed at birth butpresented dehiscence and partal abdominal evisceraton six tmes during a three week period. A vacuum-assisted device was used over a fenestratedsilo. Three vacuum changes were performed achieving complete closure of the abdominal wall defect in 17 days. The use of vacuum-assisted device isan alternatve when closure of the abdominal wall defect of gastroschisis cannot be achieved with the use of a silo.

Manejo médico del onfalocele gigante con sulfadiazina de plata tópica / Initial nonoperative management of giant omphalocele using topical silver sulfadiazine

El onfalocele es un defecto congénito de la pared abdominal, de presentación infrecuente, que puede asociarse con otro tipo de malformaciones genéticas. El manejo es quirúrgico y consiste en la reducción de las vísceras herniadas para cerrar la fascia y la piel, aunque el onfalocele gigante representa un problema mayor debido al tamaño del defecto, por lo cual el cierre primario con frecuencia debe diferirse. Se presenta un recién nacido con diagnóstico prenatal de onfalocele gigante a quien se realiza manejo médico con sulfadiazina de plata para epitelizar el saco con adecuado éxito, logrando diferir el manejo quirúrgico...

Omphalocele is a rare birth defect of the abdominal wall which may be associated to other genetic abnormalities. It is managed surgically by reducing the herniated organs followed by closure of the fascia and skin. However, giant omphalocele represents a greater problem due to the size of the defect, for which the final closure must be delayed. We present an infant with a prenatal diagnosis of giant omphalocele initially treated with silver sulfadiazine coverage allowing epithelialization of the sac constituting a bridge to delayed surgical closure...

Pentalogía de Cantrell: presentación de un caso clínico / Pentalogy of Cantrell: clinical case

La pentalogía de Cantrell es una enfermedad poco frecuente que resulta de alteraciones embriológicas del mesodermo, caracterizada por defecto en la porción baja esternal, defecto de la pared abdominal supraumbilical, defecto diafragmático anterior, defecto del pericardio diafragmático y anomalía cardiaca. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un neonato de sexo masculino con diagnóstico prenatal de defecto de la pared abdominal, en quien posteriormente se realizó el diagnóstico de Pentalogía de Cantrell. Al presentar este caso se destaca la posibilidad diagnóstica en la vida fetal, y el pobre pronóstico de estos pacientes cuando su presentación clínica se asocia a hipoplasia pulmonar severa.

Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare disease that results from alterations in embryo development. It is characterized by defects of the lower sternum, midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, deficiency of the anterior diaphragm, defects in the diaphragmatic pericardium and cardiac anomaly. Case Report: The case of a male neonate with a prenatal diagnosis of abdominal wall defect is presented, who was subsequently diagnosed with Pentalogy of Cantrell. This study emphasizes the prenatal diagnosis possibilities and the poor prognosis for these patients when their clinical presentation is associated with severe lung hypoplasia.

Defectos de la pared abdominal. Estudio comparativo entre onfalocele y gastrosquisis / Abdominal wall defects. A Comparative investigation between omphalocele and gastroschisis

Introducción: Onfalocele y gastrosquisis son los defectos de la pared abdominal (DPA) más frecuentes, que por su importancia y las diferencias entre ellos merecen ser estudiados en forma especial. Objetivos: Establecer las tasas de prevalencia de onfalocele y gastroaquisis al nacimiento. Verificar variaciones de ellas en distintos períodos. Estudiar la morbimortalidad asociada y su sobrevida. Pacientes y Método: Se revisó la base de datos ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congênitas) para el período 1996-2010. Resultados: Se pesquizarón 33 recién nacidos (RN) con DPA. (11,6 por 10.000 nacimientos). De ellos 19 fueron onfalocele (6,7 por 10.000) y 14 (4,9 por 10.000) gastrosquisis. Los niños con onfalocele tenían significativamente mayor asociación con otras malformaciones, su frecuencia en el sexo masculino fue mayor y mostró mayor letalidad que la gastrosquisis. Todos los niños con gastrosquisis nacieron vivos, con predominio del sexo femenino, sus madres eran significativamente más jóvenes. Conclusión: Onfalocele y gastros-quisis presentaron una prevalencia al nacimiento mayor que lo publicado, probablemente por ser el HCUCH un Centro de Referencia. Ambas anomalías mostraron un aumento significativo en sus tasas de prevalencia al nacimiento al compararlas con las obtenidas anteriormente por nosotros en el mismo hospital. Se demostró diferencias significativas entre estas dos entidades: Onfalocele tiene mayor mortinatalidad, mortalidad y letalidad, mayor frecuencia de malformaciones asociadas y mayor promedio de edad materna.

Introduction: Omphalocele and Gastroschisis are the two most common congenital abdominal wall (AWD) defects. Objectives: To determine birth prevalence of Omphalocele and Gastroaquisis; to verify variations in different periods and to study the associated morbidity, mortality and survival. Patients and Method: The database of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) was searched between the years 1996 and 2010. Results: 33 newborns (NB) with AWD were investigated (11.6 per 10,000 births). 19 of the cases corresponded to omphalocele (6.7 per 10,000 births) and 14 to gastroschisis (4.9 per 10,000 births). Children with omphalocele had significantly greater association with other malformations and the frequency in males was higher and showed higher mortality rates than gastroschisis. All children with gas-troschisis were born alive; they were predominantly female infants whose mothers were significantly younger. Conclusion: Birth omphalocele and gastroschisis prevalence were higher than published information, perhaps due to the fact that the HCUCH (Clinical Hospital of Universidad de Chile) is a reference center. Both anomalies showed a significant increase in their birth prevalence rates when compared with those previously obtained by us in the same hospital. Significant differences between these two entities were described. Omphalocele presented higher stillbirth, mortality and fatality rates; higher frequency of associated malformations and higher average maternal age.

Effect of copaiba oil on correction of abdominal wall defect treated with the use of polypropylene/polyglecaprone mesh

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil on the correction of abdominal defect treated with the use of polypropylene/polyglecaprone mesh in rats. METHODS: A defect in the abdominal wall was created and corrected with polypropylene/polyglecaprone mesh in 36 rats. They were randomly distributed into three groups: control, copaiba by oral administration (gavage) and copaiba oil dip in the mesh. Euthanasia was performed after seven, 14 and 21 post-operative days. The healing process was analyzed regarding the meshes and macroscopic and microscopic aspects. RESULTS: All animals had abdominal adhesions, which were smaller in the copaiba (gavage) group (p<0.05). In microscopy, all animals had an acute inflammation stage and the inflammatory response was best characterized by foreign body-type granulomas around the mesh fragments, which was not found in the mesh fragments within the copaiba dip group. There was a greater area of necrosis and fibrosis in the copaiba dip group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The copaiba (gavage) group had a greater quantity of collagen fibers compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Copaiba oil administered by gavage decreased the amount of abdominal adhesions, besides accelerating the process of collagen fibers formation, without damages within the early stages of healing. However, when used by dip directly on the mesh, it had corrosive effects compromising the healing process of the abdominal wall.

Endometriose cutânea / Cutaneous endometriosis

A endometriose é definida como a presença de glândulas endometriais e estroma fora da cavidade uterina. Essa doença, comum nas mulheres, é geralmente observada durante os anos reprodutivos. Embora a pelve seja o sítio mais comum da endometriose em mulheres, a localização extrapélvica é menos frequente e ainda mais difícil de diagnosticar, em decorrência das apresentações distintas. Neste artigo é descrito um caso de endometriose de cicatriz da parede abdominal.

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. This disease is commonly observed in women, particularly those of reproductive age. The pelvis is the most common location for endometriosis. On the other hand, extrapelvic endometriosis, which is less common, is more difficult to diagnose because of the extreme differences in its presentation. In this article, we describe our experience of a case of endometriosis in an abdominal wall scar.